2 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Sciences'   

Bernoulli's fallacy: statistical illogic and the crisis of modern science / Aubrey Clayton (2022)  

Public ISBD Titre : Bernoulli's fallacy: statistical illogic and the crisis of modern science Type de document : livre Auteurs : Aubrey Clayton, Auteur Editeur : New York : Columbia University Press Année de publication : 2022 Importance : 347 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-231-19995-7 Prix : 24.95 USD Note générale : Paperback edition 2022 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Statistical methods  Probability theory  Mathematics  Philosophy  Sciences  History Résumé : Le site éditeur indique : There is a logical flaw in the statistical methods used across experimental science. This fault is not a minor academic quibble: it underlies a reproducibility crisis now threatening entire disciplines. In an increasingly statistics-reliant society, this same deeply rooted error shapes decisions in medicine, law, and public policy with profound consequences. The foundation of the problem is a misunderstanding of probability and its role in making inferences from observations. Aubrey Clayton traces the history of how statistics went astray, beginning with the groundbreaking work of the seventeenth-century mathematician Jacob Bernoulli and winding through gambling, astronomy, and genetics. Clayton recounts the feuds among rival schools of statistics, exploring the surprisingly human problems that gave rise to the discipline and the all-too-human shortcomings that derailed it. He highlights how influential nineteenth- and twentieth-century figures developed a statistical methodology they claimed was purely objective in order to silence critics of their political agendas, including eugenics. Clayton provides a clear account of the mathematics and logic of probability, conveying complex concepts accessibly for readers interested in the statistical methods that frame our understanding of the world. He contends that we need to take a Bayesian approach—that is, to incorporate prior knowledge when reasoning with incomplete information—in order to resolve the crisis. Ranging across math, philosophy, and culture, Bernoulli’s Fallacy explains why something has gone wrong with how we use data—and how to fix it. En ligne : https://cup.columbia.edu/book/bernoullis-fallacy/9780231199940 Bernoulli's fallacy: statistical illogic and the crisis of modern science [livre] / Aubrey Clayton, Auteur . - New York : Columbia University Press, 2022 . - 347 p. ISBN : 978-0-231-19995-7 : 24.95 USD Paperback edition 2022 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Statistical methods  Probability theory  Mathematics  Philosophy  Sciences  History Résumé : Le site éditeur indique : There is a logical flaw in the statistical methods used across experimental science. This fault is not a minor academic quibble: it underlies a reproducibility crisis now threatening entire disciplines. In an increasingly statistics-reliant society, this same deeply rooted error shapes decisions in medicine, law, and public policy with profound consequences. The foundation of the problem is a misunderstanding of probability and its role in making inferences from observations. Aubrey Clayton traces the history of how statistics went astray, beginning with the groundbreaking work of the seventeenth-century mathematician Jacob Bernoulli and winding through gambling, astronomy, and genetics. Clayton recounts the feuds among rival schools of statistics, exploring the surprisingly human problems that gave rise to the discipline and the all-too-human shortcomings that derailed it. He highlights how influential nineteenth- and twentieth-century figures developed a statistical methodology they claimed was purely objective in order to silence critics of their political agendas, including eugenics. Clayton provides a clear account of the mathematics and logic of probability, conveying complex concepts accessibly for readers interested in the statistical methods that frame our understanding of the world. He contends that we need to take a Bayesian approach—that is, to incorporate prior knowledge when reasoning with incomplete information—in order to resolve the crisis. Ranging across math, philosophy, and culture, Bernoulli’s Fallacy explains why something has gone wrong with how we use data—and how to fix it. En ligne : https://cup.columbia.edu/book/bernoullis-fallacy/9780231199940

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
69872	CLA_21_69872	Livre	Salle des ouvrages	21_Sciences_Humaines	Sorti jusqu'au 25/05/2043

The sociology of science: theoretical and empirical investigations / Robert King Merton (1973)  

Public ISBD Titre : The sociology of science: theoretical and empirical investigations Type de document : livre Auteurs : Robert King Merton, Auteur ; Norman W. Storer, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Chicago : The University of Chicago Press Année de publication : 1973 Importance : 605 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-226-52092-6 Prix : 62.00 USD Note générale : ISBN-10 : 0-226-52092-7; Produced as a digital reprint Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sociology  Sciences  Research  Evaluation Résumé : Le site éditeur indique : “The exploration of the social conditions that facilitate or retard the search for scientific knowledge has been the major theme of Robert K. Merton’s work for forty years. This collection of papers [is] a fascinating overview of this sustained inquiry. . . . There are very few other books in sociology . . . with such meticulous scholarship, or so elegant a style. This collection of papers is, and is likely to remain for a long time, one of the most important books in sociology.”—Joseph Ben-David, New York Times Book Review ”The novelty of the approach, the erudition and elegance, and the unusual breadth of vision make this volume one of the most important contributions to sociology in general and to the sociology of science in particular. . . . Merton’s Sociology of Science is a magisterial summary of the field.”—Yehuda Elkana, American Journal of Sociology ”Merton’s work provides a rich feast for any scientist concerned for a genuine understanding of his own professional self. And Merton’s industry, integrity, and humility are permanent witnesses to that ethos which he has done so much to define and support.”—J. R. Ravetz, American Scientist ”The essays not only exhibit a diverse and penetrating analysis and a deal of historical and contemporary examples, with concrete numerical data, but also make genuinely good reading because of the wit, the liveliness and the rich learning with which Merton writes.”—Philip Morrison, Scientific American ”Merton’s impact on sociology as a whole has been large, and his impact on the sociology of science has been so momentous that the title of the book is apt, because Merton’s writings represent modern sociology of science more than any other single writer.”—Richard McClintock, Contemporary Sociology En ligne : https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo28451565.html The sociology of science: theoretical and empirical investigations [livre] / Robert King Merton, Auteur ; Norman W. Storer, Éditeur scientifique . - Chicago : The University of Chicago Press, 1973 . - 605 p. ISBN : 978-0-226-52092-6 : 62.00 USD ISBN-10 : 0-226-52092-7; Produced as a digital reprint Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sociology  Sciences  Research  Evaluation Résumé : Le site éditeur indique : “The exploration of the social conditions that facilitate or retard the search for scientific knowledge has been the major theme of Robert K. Merton’s work for forty years. This collection of papers [is] a fascinating overview of this sustained inquiry. . . . There are very few other books in sociology . . . with such meticulous scholarship, or so elegant a style. This collection of papers is, and is likely to remain for a long time, one of the most important books in sociology.”—Joseph Ben-David, New York Times Book Review ”The novelty of the approach, the erudition and elegance, and the unusual breadth of vision make this volume one of the most important contributions to sociology in general and to the sociology of science in particular. . . . Merton’s Sociology of Science is a magisterial summary of the field.”—Yehuda Elkana, American Journal of Sociology ”Merton’s work provides a rich feast for any scientist concerned for a genuine understanding of his own professional self. And Merton’s industry, integrity, and humility are permanent witnesses to that ethos which he has done so much to define and support.”—J. R. Ravetz, American Scientist ”The essays not only exhibit a diverse and penetrating analysis and a deal of historical and contemporary examples, with concrete numerical data, but also make genuinely good reading because of the wit, the liveliness and the rich learning with which Merton writes.”—Philip Morrison, Scientific American ”Merton’s impact on sociology as a whole has been large, and his impact on the sociology of science has been so momentous that the title of the book is apt, because Merton’s writings represent modern sociology of science more than any other single writer.”—Richard McClintock, Contemporary Sociology En ligne : https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo28451565.html

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
69826	MER_21_69826	Livre	Salle des ouvrages	21_Sciences_Humaines	Sorti jusqu'au 25/05/2043